10.1089/acm.2006.12.881 Summary Keywords vitamin B12, efficacy, bioavailability, therapeutic approaches, meta-analysis, cobalamin Citation Mazur M, Ndokaj A, Salerno C, Vallone J, Ardan R, Bietolini S, Carrouel F, Wilk A, Sarig R, Ottolenghi L and Bourgeois D (2025) Efficacy of sublingual and oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular administration: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis
They work best as part of a comprehensive program that includes dietary modifications, exercise, and in many cases a primary weight loss medication such as semaglutide or tirzepatide
Therapeutic applications of the insulin-like growth factors
Notably, regulatory authorities have not set a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for biotin beyond the basic nutritional requirement because additional biotin is not proven effective unless a deficiency exists